Seismic design procedure and seismic response of post‐tensioned self‐centering steel frames     

Hyung‐Joon Kim  Constantin Christopoulos 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(3):355-376

Post‐tensioned (PT) self‐centering moment‐resisting frames (MRFs) have recently been developed as an alternative to welded moment frames. The first generation of these systems incorporated yielding energy dissipation mechanisms, whereas more recently, PT self‐centering friction damped (SCFR) moment‐resistant connections have been proposed and experimentally validated. Although all of these systems exhibited good stiffness, strength and ductility properties and stable dissipation of energy under cyclic loading, questions concerning their ultimate response still remained and a complete design methodology to allow engineers to conceive structures using these systems was also needed. In this paper, the mechanics of SCFR frames are first described and a comprehensive design procedure that accounts for the frame behavior and the nonlinear dynamics of self‐centering frames is then elaborated. A strategy for the response of these systems at ultimate deformation stages is then proposed and detailing requirements on the beams in order to achieve this response are outlined. The proposed procedure aims to achieve designs where the interstory drifts for SCFR frames are similar to those of special steel welded moment‐resisting frames (WMRFs). Furthermore, this procedure is adapted from current seismic design practices and can be extended to any other PT self‐centering steel frame system. A six‐story building incorporating WMRFs was designed and a similar building incorporating SCFR frames were re‐designed by the proposed seismic design procedure. Time‐history analyses showed that the maximum interstory drifts and maximum floor accelerations of the SCFR frame were similar to those of the WMRF but that almost zero residual drifts were observed for the SCFR frame. The results obtained from the analyses confirmed the validity of the proposed seismic design procedure, since the peak drift values were similar to those prescribed by the seismic design codes and the SCFR frames achieved the intended performance level under both design and maximum considerable levels of seismic loading. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Field study of macropore flow processes using tension infiltration of a dye tracer in partially saturated soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Edwin E. Cey  David L. Rudolph 《水文研究》2009,23(12):1768-1779

Macropores are important preferential pathways for the migration of water and contaminants through the vadose zone. The objective of this study was to examine small‐scale preferential flow processes during infiltration in macroporous, low permeability soils. A series of tension infiltration tests were conducted using Brilliant Blue dye tracer at two field sites in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The maximum applied pressure head was varied for each test and the resulting dye stain patterns and macropore networks were characterized by excavation, mapping, photography, and image analysis. Worm burrows were the dominant macropore type, with average macropore densities exceeding 400 m^?2 and peak densities of more than 750 m^?2 at 30 cm depth at both sites. Flow in macropores became significant at infiltration pressures > ? 3 cm, with corresponding increases in infiltration rate, soil water content variability (spatially and temporally), and depth of dye staining. The results demonstrated clear evidence for partially saturated macropore flow under porewater tension conditions and the associated importance of macropore–matrix interaction in controlling this flow. Field observations of transient infiltration showed that film and rivulet flow along macropores yielded vertical flow velocities exceeding 40 m d^?1. Simple calculations showed that film flow along the walls and corners of irregularly shaped macropores could explain the observed results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Study of water tension differences in heterogeneous sandy soils using surface ERT   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marc Descloitres  Olivier Ribolzi  Yann Le Troquer  Jean Pierre Thibaux 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2008,64(3-4):83-98

Herbaceous vegetation in the Sahel grows almost exclusively on sandy soils which preferentially retain water through infiltration and storage. The hydrological functioning of these sandy soils during rain cycles is unknown. One way to tackle this issue is to spatialize variations in water content but these are difficult to measure in the vadose zone. We investigated the use of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) as a technique for spatializing resistivity in a non-destructive manner in order to improve our knowledge of relevant hydrological processes. To achieve this, two approaches were examined. First, we focused on a possible link between water tension (which is much easier to measure in the field by point measurements than water content), and resistivity (spatialized with ERT). Second, because ERT is affected by solution non-uniqueness and reconstruction smoothing, we improved the accuracy of ERT inversion by comparing calculated solutions with in-situ resistivity measurements. We studied a natural microdune during a controlled field experiment with artificial sprinkling which reproduced typical rainfall cycles. We recorded temperature, water tension and resistivity within the microdune and applied surface ERT before and after the 3 rainfall cycles. Soil samples were collected after the experiment to determine soil physical characteristics. An experimental relationship between water tension and water content was also investigated. Our results showed that the raw relationship between calculated ERT resistivity and water tension measurements in sand is highly scattered because of significant spatial variations in porosity. An improved correlation was achieved by using resistivity ratio and water tension differences. The slope of the relationship depends on the soil solution conductivity, as predicted by Archie's law when salted water was used for the rain simulation. We found that determining the variations in electrical resistivity is a sensitive method for spatializing the differences in water tension which are directly linked with infiltration and evaporation/drainage processes in the vadose zone. However, three factors complicate the use of this approach. Firstly, the relation between water tension and water content is generally non-linear and dependent on the water content range. This could limit the use of our site-specific relations for spatializing water content with ERT through tension. Secondly, to achieve the necessary optimization of ERT inversion, we used destructive resistivity measurements in the soil, which renders ERT less attractive. Thirdly, we found that the calculated resistivity is not always accurate because of the smoothing involved in surface ERT data inversion. We conclude that further developments are needed into ERT image reconstruction before water tension (and water content) can be spatialized in heterogeneous sandy soils with the accuracy needed to routinely study their hydrological functioning.  相似文献   

岩石单轴抗拉强度的几何形状效应研究     

李明田  茹忠亮  李术才 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):555-558

提出了一种模拟岩石破坏过程的细胞自动机模型,以力、位移作为基本状态变量,基于基本的力学规律构造了细胞自动机模型的矢量局部更新规则,克服了以往规则确定随意性以及标量化的缺点。利用该模型模拟了岩石的单轴破坏过程,研究了非均质性对单轴直接拉伸破坏过程的影响,并研究了几何形状（长宽比）对单轴拉伸强度的影响,研究结果加深了对岩石单轴抗拉强度的了解,对试验有一定的指导作用,应进一步加强岩石的直接拉伸试验研究。  相似文献   

致密星系群SCGG223的ASCA观测     

靳光学  徐海光  陈磊  刘当波  凌家杰 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2000,20(4)

光学观测表明,致密星系群ＳＣＧＧ ２２３中成员星系的速度弥散高达１１０６ｋｍ／ｓ,并且 整个星系群处于平衡状态．星系群的数值模拟也显示, ＳＣＧＧ ２２３是维里化的．这些光学 波段上的研究结果暗示, ＳＣＧＧ ２２３可能具有星系团量级的大引力质量,其星系际气体则 很可能处在极高温的状态．为了证实这些推测,作者在 １９９９年 ２月利用 ＡＳＣＡ卫星对 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３进行了 Ｘ射线观测．通过光谱分析,获得了它的气体温度和 ０．５～１０ ｋｅＶ波段 上的光度分别为ｋＴ＝１．４_（－０．４）~（＋．６）： ｋｅＶ和９．８５_（－２．０４）~（６．１１）× １０３６Ｊ Ｓ－１．与光学观测所作出的预计相 反,这些数值显示 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３是一个正常的低温星系群．由于 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３在 ０．５～１０ ｋｅＶ 波段上很暗,无法从ＡＳＣＡ获得的Ｘ射线表面亮度分布推算其总引力质量,因此,尚不 能直接判断它的质量是否真的像光学维里质量那样大．  相似文献   

内孤立波作用下顶部张紧式立管动力特性     

林忠义  尤云祥  曲衍  肖越  范模 《海洋工程》2012,30(2):20-25

基于内孤立波mKdV理论,采用考虑内流的细长杆动力学方程,结合改进的Morison公式,研究两层流体中内孤立波与顶张立管的相互作用问题。针对东沙群岛南部海域附近某实测内孤立波特征参数,计算分析在该内孤立波作用下某顶张立管的内孤立波载荷与运动响应,以及立管横截面弯矩及其应力的变化特性。研究表明,内孤立波不仅会对顶张立管产生突发性的冲击载荷以及大幅度水平变形,而且还会使其横截面弯矩及其应力显著增大。因此在深海立管的设计与应用中,内孤立波的影响是不可忽视的。  相似文献   

求解反应扩散方程的紧致隐积分因子方法     

张荣培 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(Z1):208-212

积分因子(IF)方法是近年来提出的求解刚性常微分方程组的一种有效的数值方法。本文应用改进的紧致隐积分因子(cIIF)方法求解二维反应扩散方程。在空间离散上采用二阶中心差分方法。数值模拟得到各种斑图结构与所引文献结果相当一致。  相似文献   

地震静应力作用与井水位孔压响应分析 ——以唐山古冶5.1级地震为例     

董博  纪春玲  杨东辉 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(3):321-325

计算古冶5.1级地震震前、同震、震后唐山地区9口流体井的孔压分布和实测井水位升降情况.结果表明:1)震前,唐山古冶地区处于应力累积的状态,压缩区为近东西向,拉张区为近南北向,实测的井水位升、降情况基本与压缩、拉张情况一致;2)震时,压缩、拉张区没有改变,但应力有所释放,实测的井水升、降情况存在与压缩、拉张情况不一致的现...  相似文献   

红粘土桩-网复合地基现场试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨果林  黄向京  赵伟 《水文地质工程地质》2010,37(1):85-89

桩-网复合地基同时具备竖向增强和水平向增强两种加固形式的优点,由桩、网、土三者共同协调作用,有效分担路堤荷载,是一种作用机理复杂的地基加固方法。通过对某客运专线红粘土桩-网复合地基试验段进行的现场测试试验,对复合地基的基底土压力、土工格栅变形、孔隙水压力以及桩土沉降量等方面的测试,得出红粘土复合地基需要在桩、网、桩间土通过一个反复的作用过程才能达到稳定状态等结论,将有助于深入研究桩-网复合地基加固机理,并为进一步完善桩-网复合地基设计方法提供依据。  相似文献   

基于改进的Mohr-Coulomb强度准则下岩石锚杆极限抗拔承载力计算     

贺建清  肖兰  张文勇  高文华 《岩土力学》2016,37(9):2484-2488

岩石锚杆基础作为风电机组基础的一种特殊基础型式,可以充分发挥原状岩体的力学性能,具有良好的抗拔性能。已有研究表明,小而非零拉伸截断改进的Mohr-Coulomb（简称M-C）强度准则更适用于描述岩体的破坏特性。基于小而非零拉伸截断改进的M-C强度准则,建立破坏面上单位面积的能量耗损率表达式。从塑性力学极限分析上限定理出发,构建岩楔体平移破坏机构。根据外部作用荷载和岩楔体自重所做的外功率与沿岩楔体圆破坏锥面的能量耗损率相等的条件,建立虚功率方程,并由此得到了岩石锚杆极限抗拔承载力的计算公式。经原型试验验证,推导公式所得计算值与实测值一致性较好,具有一定的可靠性,且能满足工程实际应用要求。  相似文献